Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2004) - Christmas Island (2008)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2004) z Christmas Island (2008)

	Sao Tome and Principe (2004)	Christmas Island (2008)

Administrative divisions	2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.7% (male 43,810; female 42,708) 15-64 years: 48.4% (male 42,469; female 45,456) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 3,275; female 3,847) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish	NA
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 1,001 sq km land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	more than five times the size of Washington, DC	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background	Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	41.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $38.59 million expenditures: $42.04 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (2003 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA
Capital	Sao Tome	name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)	tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline	209 km	138.9 km
Constitution	approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency	dobra (STD)	-
Death rate	6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$318 million (2002)	-
Dependency status	-	non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program	$NA
Economy - overview	This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 29 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004.	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future.
Electricity - consumption	15.81 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	17 million kWh (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion	loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	dobras per US dollar - 9,347.58 (2003), 9,088.32 (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Damiao Vaz DE ALMEIDA (since 17 September 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	NA (2001)	$NA
Exports - commodities	cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil	phosphate
Exports - partners	Netherlands 41.7%, Canada 16.7%, Belgium 8.3%, Germany 8.3%, Philippines 8.3% (2003)	Australia, NZ (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia	territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island note: the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
GDP	purchasing power parity - $214 million (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 19.6% industry: 17.8% services: 62.6% (2003 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5% (2003 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	1 00 N, 7 00 E	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$NA
Imports - commodities	machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products	consumer goods
Imports - partners	Portugal 51.6%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.5%, Belgium 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)	principally Australia (2006)
Independence	12 July 1975 (from Portugal)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Industries	light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	total: 44.58 deaths/1,000 live births male: 46.57 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	9% (2003 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	none
Irrigated land	100 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	NA	NA
Labor force - by occupation	population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing note: shortages of skilled workers	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 6.25% permanent crops: 48.96% other: 44.79% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Languages	Portuguese (official)	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 66.63 years male: 65.11 years female: 68.21 years (2004 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.3% male: 85% female: 62% (1991 est.)	NA
Location	Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 79,490 GRT/97,077 DWT by type: bulk 2, cargo 14, chemical tanker 2, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3 foreign-owned: British Virgin Islands 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Portugal 1, Ukraine 2 (2004 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard, National Guard	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$500,000 (2003)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.8% (2003)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 38,347 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 20,188 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 12 July (1975)	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality	noun: Sao Tomean(s) adjective: Sao Tomean	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	NA	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	fish, hydropower	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	-2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	NA
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	181,565 (July 2004 est.)	1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	54% NA (2004 est.)	-
Population growth rate	3.18% (2004 est.)	0% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Santo Antonio, Sao Tome	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Religions	Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate facilities domestic: minimal system international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use	7,000 (2003)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	4,800 (2003)	-
Television broadcast stations	2 (2002)	0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)
Terrain	volcanic, mountainous	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	5.8 children born/woman (2004 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	NA	-

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